Tenggerese people

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Ethnic group

Tenggerese

Tenggerese people in traditional attire
Total population
Approximately 100,000
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Javanese, Indonesian
Religion
Predominantly Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Javanese people, Balinese people

The Tenggerese are an ethnic group in Indonesia, primarily residing in the highlands of East Java, around the Mount Bromo region. They are known for their unique cultural practices and adherence to a form of Hinduism that has been preserved since the Majapahit Empire.

History

The Tenggerese people trace their ancestry back to the Majapahit Empire, which was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Java. When the empire fell in the 15th century, many of its followers fled to the mountains to escape the spread of Islam in Java. The isolation of the Tengger highlands allowed them to preserve their ancient traditions and religious practices.

Culture

The Tenggerese culture is rich with traditions that are distinct from the majority of Javanese people. They speak a dialect of Javanese that has retained many archaic features. Their cultural identity is closely tied to their religious practices, which include rituals and ceremonies that are unique to their community.

Religion

The Tenggerese practice a form of Hinduism that incorporates elements of animism and ancestor worship. Their religious calendar is filled with ceremonies, the most notable being the Yadnya Kasada festival. During this festival, offerings are made to the gods by throwing them into the crater of Mount Bromo.

Social Structure

The Tenggerese society is organized around traditional village structures, with a strong emphasis on communal harmony and cooperation. Leadership is typically vested in village elders who are respected for their wisdom and experience.

Economy

The economy of the Tenggerese is primarily based on agriculture. They cultivate crops such as potatoes, cabbage, and onions, which are well-suited to the cool climate of the highlands. Tourism also plays a significant role in their economy, with many visitors attracted to the scenic beauty of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park.

Language

The Tenggerese speak a dialect of Javanese that is distinct from the standard Javanese spoken in the lowlands. This dialect has preserved many features of Old Javanese, reflecting the historical isolation of the Tenggerese community.

Also see

• Javanese people
• Balinese people
• Hinduism in Indonesia
• Majapahit Empire
• Mount Bromo