Teratogenic drugs

Teratogenic Drugs are a category of pharmaceuticals that can potentially cause birth defects when used during pregnancy. The term "teratogenic" is derived from the Greek words "teras" meaning monster, and "gennao" meaning to produce. These drugs can interfere with the normal development of a fetus, leading to physical and sometimes mental abnormalities.

Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism of action of teratogenic drugs is not fully understood and may vary depending on the specific drug. However, it is generally believed that these drugs interfere with the normal process of cell division and differentiation during fetal development. This can lead to a variety of birth defects, ranging from minor physical abnormalities to severe mental retardation.

Examples of Teratogenic Drugs

Some examples of teratogenic drugs include thalidomide, retinoic acid, and certain anticonvulsants. Thalidomide, for example, was widely used in the 1950s and 1960s to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. However, it was later found to cause severe birth defects, including limb deformities, and was subsequently withdrawn from the market.

Retinoic acid, a form of vitamin A, is used to treat certain skin conditions. However, when taken during pregnancy, it can cause a variety of birth defects, including abnormalities of the face, heart, and brain.

Certain anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin and valproic acid, are used to treat epilepsy. However, when taken during pregnancy, they can increase the risk of birth defects, including neural tube defects and cleft palate.

Risk Factors

The risk of birth defects from teratogenic drugs depends on several factors, including the specific drug, the dose, the timing of exposure during pregnancy, and the individual susceptibility of the mother and fetus. In general, the risk is highest during the first trimester of pregnancy, when the fetus's organs are forming.

Prevention

Prevention of birth defects from teratogenic drugs involves avoiding the use of these drugs during pregnancy, if possible. If a woman needs to take a potentially teratogenic drug, she should discuss the risks and benefits with her healthcare provider. In some cases, alternative treatments may be available that pose less risk to the fetus.

See Also

• Pharmacology
• Birth Defects
• Pregnancy