Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) is a type of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome that is caused by previous treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Causes

Therapy-related AML/MDS is caused by exposure to certain types of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, including alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors. The risk of developing t-AML/MDS increases with the cumulative dose of chemotherapy and the duration and dose of radiation therapy.

Symptoms

The symptoms of therapy-related AML/MDS are similar to those of other types of AML and MDS. They include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of therapy-related AML/MDS is based on the history of previous cancer treatment and the results of blood tests and bone marrow biopsy. The presence of certain chromosomal abnormalities can also help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment of therapy-related AML/MDS is similar to that of other types of AML and MDS. It includes chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and supportive care.

Prognosis

The prognosis of therapy-related AML/MDS is generally poor, with a lower survival rate compared to other types of AML and MDS. The prognosis depends on various factors, including the type and stage of the original cancer, the type of previous cancer treatment, and the patient's overall health.

See also

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Myelodysplastic syndrome
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia Resources
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