Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRHR gene. This receptor is activated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus. The activation of TRHR stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

Function

The TRHR belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are involved in transmitting signals across the cell membrane. When TRH binds to the TRHR, it activates the phospholipase C pathway, leading to the release of TSH and prolactin. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate the body's metabolism, energy balance, and growth and development. Prolactin plays a role in mammary gland development and lactation.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the TRHR gene can lead to hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormones. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and depression. In addition, abnormal TRHR function has been implicated in the development of thyroid cancer.

See also

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroid cancer

References

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