Tomatillo

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Tomatillo

Physalis ixocarpa MHNT.BOT.2008.1.52

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Physalis ixocarpa

Tomatillo 01 cropped

Tomatillo plant

Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica and Physalis ixocarpa), also known as the Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical and green or green-purple fruit of the same name. Tomatillos originated in Mexico and were cultivated in the pre-Columbian era. A staple of Mexican cuisine, they are eaten raw or cooked in a variety of dishes, particularly salsa verde.

Description

The tomatillo plant is a bushy perennial that can grow up to 1.2 meters (4 feet) in height, with heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers. The fruit of the tomatillo is encased in a light brown husk that is inedible and must be removed before consumption. The fruit itself is typically about the size of a large cherry tomato, and its color can vary from green to yellow to purple, depending on the variety and ripeness. Tomatillos have a tart, lemony flavor that is enhanced when cooked.

Cultivation

Tomatillos are relatively easy to grow and can be cultivated in a similar manner to tomatoes, requiring well-drained soil, full sun, and a warm growing season. They are more tolerant of harsh conditions than tomatoes, however, and can grow in semi-arid climates. Tomatillos are typically started from seed indoors and transplanted after the last frost. The plants are self-incompatible, meaning that at least two plants are necessary for pollination and fruit set.

Culinary Uses

Tomatillos are a key ingredient in Mexican and Central American cuisines. They are most commonly used to make salsa verde, a green salsa made from cooked tomatillos, chili peppers, cilantro, and onion. Tomatillos can also be used in soups, stews, and sauces to add a tangy flavor. They are sometimes eaten raw, especially when ripe, as their tartness can complement salads and other fresh dishes.

Nutritional Value

Tomatillos are low in calories and contain a variety of nutrients, including vitamin C, vitamin K, potassium, and fiber. They also contain antioxidants, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, which are beneficial for eye health.

Cultural Significance

The tomatillo has been a staple in Mesoamerican cultures for thousands of years. It was a significant food crop for the Aztecs and Mayans, who developed many varieties and used it extensively in their cooking. Today, tomatillos remain a fundamental component of Mexican cuisine and have gained popularity in the United States and other countries as interest in Mexican food has grown.