Total communication

Total Communication is an educational and communication philosophy for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. It is a comprehensive approach that aims to facilitate effective communication by utilizing a combination of methods to convey and receive messages. These methods include spoken language, sign language, finger spelling, lip reading, written language, and the use of assistive technology. Total Communication is tailored to meet the individual needs of each person, promoting the use of all possible means to communicate effectively.

Overview

Total Communication is based on the principle that individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing should have access to all available communication methods to maximize their language development and communication skills. It recognizes the importance of a flexible approach that can adapt to the diverse needs and preferences of each individual. This philosophy supports the idea that no single method of communication is suitable for everyone, and a combination of methods can be more beneficial.

History

The concept of Total Communication emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a response to the limitations of the prevailing approaches to deaf education at the time, which were primarily oralism (focusing on lip-reading and speech) and manualism (focusing on sign language). Total Communication was introduced as a more inclusive approach that combines elements of both, along with additional communication tools, to provide a more comprehensive communication strategy.

Methods

Total Communication incorporates a variety of communication methods, including:

• Sign Language: The use of visual-manual modality to convey meaning.
• Spoken Language: Oral communication using voice.
• Finger Spelling: Spelling out words using hand signals for each letter.
• Lip Reading: Understanding speech by visually interpreting the movements of the lips, face, and tongue.
• Written Language: Reading and writing as a form of communication.
• Assistive Technology: Devices and software designed to assist communication, such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and speech-to-text applications.

Benefits

The Total Communication approach offers several benefits, including:

• Flexibility in communication methods, allowing individuals to use the most effective means for their situation.
• Enhanced language development by exposing individuals to a broad range of communication tools.
• Improved social interaction and integration with both the deaf and hearing communities.
• Empowerment of individuals by giving them multiple avenues to express themselves and understand others.

Challenges

While Total Communication has many advantages, it also faces challenges such as:

• The need for significant resources and training to implement effectively.
• The potential for inconsistency in communication methods, which can lead to confusion.
• The requirement for commitment from educators, families, and the individuals themselves to learn and use multiple communication methods.

Conclusion

Total Communication is a versatile and inclusive approach that recognizes the unique needs of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. By embracing a variety of communication methods, it aims to enhance language development, improve social interactions, and empower individuals to communicate effectively in different settings. Despite its challenges, Total Communication remains a valuable philosophy in the field of deaf education and communication.