Toxic adenoma

Toxic Adenoma is a type of thyroid nodule that produces thyroid hormone independently of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. This condition is also known as a "hot nodule" or "autonomously functioning thyroid nodule" (AFTN).

Causes

The exact cause of toxic adenoma is unknown. However, it is believed to be due to a mutation in the TSH receptor gene or the G protein gene. These mutations lead to an overproduction of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of toxic adenoma are similar to those of hyperthyroidism and may include:

• Weight loss
• Heat intolerance
• Tremor
• Palpitations
• Nervousness
• Increased appetite

Diagnosis

Toxic adenoma is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Blood tests are used to measure the levels of thyroid hormones and TSH in the body. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound and radioiodine uptake test, are used to identify the presence and size of the nodule.

Treatment

The treatment for toxic adenoma depends on the size of the nodule and the severity of the symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Radioiodine therapy
• Surgery
• Antithyroid drugs

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with toxic adenoma is generally good. With appropriate treatment, most individuals can achieve normal thyroid hormone levels.

See also

• Thyroid nodule
• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone
• Pituitary gland

Toxic adenoma Resources
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