Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase (NAD+)

Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase (NAD+) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolic pathway known as fatty acid oxidation. This enzyme is involved in the process of converting unsaturated fatty acids into saturated fatty acids, a critical step in the metabolism of fats for energy production. The enzyme specifically catalyzes the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoA to acyl-CoA using NAD+ as a cofactor, which is an essential step in the beta-oxidation cycle of fatty acids.

Function

Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase (NAD+) is integral to the beta-oxidation pathway, a metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids within the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2. These products are then utilized in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The specific action of Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase is to reduce the double bond in the trans-2 position of enoyl-CoA compounds, converting them into saturated acyl-CoA compounds. This reaction is necessary for the continuation of the beta-oxidation cycle, allowing for the complete breakdown of fatty acids.

Structure

The structure of Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase (NAD+) includes a binding domain for the NAD+ cofactor and a separate active site for the binding of the enoyl-CoA substrate. The enzyme is encoded by specific genes in different organisms, and its structure can vary, leading to differences in its enzymatic activity and regulation. Understanding the structure of this enzyme is crucial for insights into its function and regulation within the cell.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the activity of Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase can have significant metabolic consequences. Deficiencies in this enzyme can lead to disruptions in fatty acid metabolism, resulting in the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives. This can contribute to the development of various metabolic disorders, including fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Furthermore, understanding the role and mechanism of this enzyme can aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for treating metabolic diseases.

Genetic Regulation

The expression of the gene encoding Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase (NAD+) is regulated by various factors, including nutritional status and hormonal signals. This regulation ensures that the enzyme's activity is modulated according to the cellular demand for fatty acid oxidation, which can vary significantly under different physiological conditions.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on elucidating the detailed mechanisms of Trans-2-enoyl-CoA Reductase (NAD+), including its structure-function relationships, regulation, and its role in disease. Studies are also exploring the potential of targeting this enzyme for the treatment of metabolic diseases, given its central role in fatty acid metabolism.

‎

---

Translate: - East Asian 中文, 日本, 한국어, South Asian हिन्दी, தமிழ், తెలుగు, Urdu, ಕನ್ನಡ, Southeast Asian Indonesian, Vietnamese, Thai, မြန်မာဘာသာ, বাংলা
European español, Deutsch, français, Greek, português do Brasil, polski, română, русский, Nederlands, norsk, svenska, suomi, Italian
Middle Eastern & African عربى, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, Afrikaans, isiZulu, Kiswahili,
Other Bulgarian, Hungarian, Czech, Swedish, മലയാളം, मराठी, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, ગુજરાતી, Portuguese, Ukrainian