Transfusion transmitted infection

Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) are infections that are spread through the process of blood transfusion. These infections can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and prions. The most common TTIs are HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and malaria.

Overview

Blood transfusion is a common medical procedure in which blood or blood components are transferred from one person (the donor) to another (the recipient). While this procedure can be life-saving, it also carries the risk of transmitting infections from the donor to the recipient. These are known as transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs).

Common TTIs

The most common TTIs are:

• HIV: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If not treated, it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

• Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer.

• Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation, sometimes leading to serious liver damage.

• Malaria: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Prevention

Prevention of TTIs primarily involves screening of blood donors and testing of donated blood. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all blood donations be tested for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis.

See also

• Blood transfusion
• Bloodborne diseases
• Infection control