Transthoracic echocardiogram

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is a non-invasive diagnostic test used in cardiology to produce images of the heart. It uses ultrasound technology to create detailed structural and functional images of the heart's chambers, valves, and major blood vessels.

Overview

A TTE is performed by placing an ultrasound transducer on the chest wall of the patient. The transducer emits high-frequency sound waves that pass through the body and bounce off the heart structures. These reflected waves are then converted into images by the ultrasound machine.

Indications

TTE is used to diagnose and monitor a variety of heart diseases and conditions. These include heart failure, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and pericardial disease. It can also be used to assess the function of the heart after a heart attack or heart surgery.

Procedure

During a TTE, the patient lies on an examination table and a gel is applied to the chest to help the ultrasound waves pass through the skin. The transducer is then moved over the chest to obtain images of the heart from different angles. The procedure is painless and usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Limitations

While TTE is a valuable diagnostic tool, it has some limitations. It may not provide clear images in patients with certain conditions, such as obesity or lung disease, that can interfere with the transmission of ultrasound waves. In such cases, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) may be used instead.

Risks

TTE is generally safe and carries few risks. However, some patients may experience minor discomfort from the pressure of the transducer on the chest.

See also

• Echocardiography
• Cardiac imaging
• Cardiovascular disease