Tricalcium phosphate

Ca3(PO4)2 from crystallography

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Tricalcium phosphate

Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP), also known by its chemical formula, Ca3(PO4)2, is an inorganic compound that is commonly used in various applications, including as a food additive, in dental products, and in bone graft materials. It exists in three different crystalline polymorphs: α, α', and β, with the α phase being the most stable and dense. Tricalcium phosphate is considered biocompatible and is used in orthopedics and dentistry due to its similarity to the mineral component of bones and teeth.

Composition and Properties

Tricalcium phosphate is composed of three calcium ions and two phosphate ions. It is a white solid, insoluble in water but soluble in dilute acids, which makes it useful in certain medical and dental applications. The β-phase is more reactive and soluble, making it more suitable for certain applications such as bone grafting materials.

Applications

Food Industry

In the food industry, tricalcium phosphate is used as an anticoagulant, nutritional supplement (source of calcium), and an anti-caking agent. It is found in powdered spices, sugar, powdered milk, and other dried food products to prevent clumping. It is recognized as safe by health authorities and is designated by the E number E341.

Dental and Medical

Tricalcium phosphate is used in the medical field for its bioactivity and ability to promote bone growth. It is a key component in some bone graft materials and dental products. In orthopedics, TCP is used as a filler to aid in the healing of bone fractures and defects. It is also used in dental care products to help in remineralizing teeth and in the manufacture of dental prosthetics.

Pharmaceuticals

In pharmaceuticals, TCP acts as an excipient, a substance formulated alongside the active ingredient of a medication, for the purpose of bulking up formulations that contain potent active ingredients, thereby allowing for convenient and accurate dosage.

Health and Safety

Tricalcium phosphate is considered safe for consumption and use in medical applications. However, as with all chemical compounds, it should be handled with care, and appropriate safety measures should be taken to avoid inhalation or ingestion in powdered form.

Environmental Impact

The production and use of tricalcium phosphate have a minimal environmental impact, primarily because it is an inorganic compound that does not break down into harmful substances. However, the mining of phosphate rock and the processing required to produce tricalcium phosphate can have environmental consequences, including habitat destruction and pollution. Efforts are made to manage these impacts through sustainable mining practices and regulations.