Tricyclic antidepressant drug

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were first discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms.

History

The first TCA, imipramine, was discovered in the early 1950s. It was initially intended to treat schizophrenia, but was found to have significant antidepressant effects. This led to the development and marketing of TCAs as antidepressants.

Mechanism of action

TCAs work by inhibiting the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, thereby increasing their levels in the brain. This can help to alleviate the symptoms of depression.

Uses

In addition to their use in treating depression, TCAs are also used to treat a variety of other conditions, including anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and certain types of neuropathy. However, due to their side effects and potential for overdose, they are typically used as a last resort when other treatments have failed.

Side effects

Common side effects of TCAs include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and dizziness. More serious side effects can include heart problems, seizures, and an increased risk of suicide.

See also

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Atypical antidepressants