Trophoblast
(Redirected from Trophectoderm)
Trophoblast[edit | edit source]
The trophoblast is a layer of tissue on the outside of a mammalian blastocyst, supplying the embryo with nourishment and later forming a major part of the placenta. It is the first cell lineage to differentiate from the fertilized egg and plays a crucial role in implantation and interaction with the maternal endometrium.
Development[edit | edit source]
The trophoblast differentiates from the outer layer of the blastocyst during early embryogenesis. It surrounds the inner cell mass and the blastocoel, and it is responsible for the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. The trophoblast further differentiates into two layers: the cytotrophoblast and the syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast[edit | edit source]
The cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast, consisting of individual cells that retain their cell membranes. It serves as a source of new cells for the syncytiotrophoblast.
Syncytiotrophoblast[edit | edit source]
The syncytiotrophoblast is the outer layer of the trophoblast, which is a multinucleated cell mass that invades the uterine wall to establish nutrient circulation between the embryo and the mother. It secretes enzymes that allow the blastocyst to penetrate the uterine lining.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the trophoblast is to facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the developing embryo. It also produces hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is crucial for maintaining the corpus luteum and the early stages of pregnancy.
Pathology[edit | edit source]
Abnormalities in trophoblast development can lead to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, gestational trophoblastic disease, and ectopic pregnancy. In ectopic pregnancies, the trophoblast implants outside the uterine cavity, often in the fallopian tube, leading to potential rupture and hemorrhage.
Related pages[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Diagram of Blastocyst stage
Embryonic Disc, Amniotic Cavity, Yolk Sac
Trophoblast
Trophoblast
Trophoblast
Trophoblast
Human Embryogenesis
Histopathology of tubal pregnancy
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