Tryptamine

Tryptamine

Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid that plays a central role in the function of the human central nervous system. It is derived from the amino acid tryptophan and is the structural core of a vast array of natural and synthetic substances, including the neurotransmitter serotonin, the psychedelic drug psilocybin, and the hormone melatonin.

Chemistry

Tryptamine is a monoamine compound, meaning it contains one amino group. It is structurally similar to the amino acid tryptophan, with the only difference being that tryptamine has two additional hydrogen atoms. Tryptamine is a weak base and can form salts with acids, which are often more stable than the free base.

Biosynthesis

In the human body, tryptamine is synthesized from tryptophan via the enzyme tryptophan decarboxylase. This enzyme removes the carboxyl group from tryptophan, resulting in the formation of tryptamine. This process occurs primarily in the liver, but can also take place in the brain.

Pharmacology

Tryptamine acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with a preference for evoking serotonin and dopamine release over norepinephrine release.

Role in the human body

Tryptamine plays a crucial role in human physiology. It is a precursor to several important neurotransmitters, including serotonin and melatonin. Serotonin is involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep, while melatonin plays a role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

Tryptamine derivatives

There are many substances that are derived from tryptamine, including a number of psychedelic drugs. These include DMT, psilocybin, and LSD, all of which have a tryptamine core. These substances are known for their hallucinogenic effects.

See also

• Serotonin
• Melatonin
• DMT
• Psilocybin
• LSD