Turn (dance and gymnastics)

A turning

A sequence of two barrel rolls performed during

Fouetté en tournant

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An illusion turn performed during an

Turn in the contexts of dance and gymnastics refers to a fundamental movement where the performer rotates around the vertical axis of their body, typically while maintaining a fixed position or traveling across the floor. Turns are integral components of choreography, adding dynamism and aesthetic appeal to performances. They vary widely in technique, difficulty, and style across different dance genres and gymnastic routines.

Types of Turns

Several types of turns are prevalent in dance and gymnastics, each with unique characteristics and requirements.

Pirouette

A Pirouette is a turn performed on one foot, typically in ballet, but also found in modern dance and jazz. The dancer spins around the vertical axis, with the working leg in a position such as passé (knee bent so the toe is pointed near the knee of the supporting leg). Proper technique, balance, and body alignment are crucial for executing pirouettes successfully.

Chainés

Chainés turns are a series of quick, 360-degree turns performed in a straight line or circle. Dancers link each turn smoothly to the next, with both feet briefly coming together between turns. This type of turn is common in ballet and jazz.

Fouetté

The Fouetté turn, particularly noted in ballet, involves a whipping action of the working leg while the dancer continuously turns on the supporting leg. The fouetté ronde de jambe en tournant combines a circular leg motion with a series of turns, showcasing the dancer's strength, technique, and stamina.

Aerial Turns

In gymnastics and some dance styles, aerial turns involve the performer rotating in the air without hand support. These turns require significant power, agility, and spatial awareness. Examples include the Aerial cartwheel and the Aerial twist.

Technique and Training

Mastering turns demands rigorous training to develop the necessary strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Dancers and gymnasts often practice exercises that improve core stability and leg strength, essential for maintaining proper posture and alignment during turns. Spotting, a technique where the performer focuses their gaze on a fixed point to avoid dizziness and enhance control, is crucial for executing multiple rotations.

In Choreography

Choreographers incorporate turns to add visual interest, express musicality, and demonstrate performers' technical prowess. The choice of turns within a piece depends on the style of dance or gymnastics, the music, and the overall artistic vision. Effective use of turns can significantly impact the dynamics and emotional expression of a performance.

See Also

• Dance technique
• Gymnastics
• Ballet terminology
• Modern dance
• Jazz dance