Tylosema esculentum

Tylosema esculentum

Tylosema esculentum, commonly known as the marama bean, marama, or morama, is a perennial legume native to the arid regions of southern Africa. It is a member of the Fabaceae family and is known for its edible seeds and tubers, which are highly nutritious and have been a traditional food source for indigenous peoples.

Description

Tylosema esculentum is a herbaceous plant that grows as a vine, spreading across the ground. The plant has large, compound leaves with three leaflets and produces yellow, papilionaceous flowers. The seeds are large, round, and encased in a hard shell, resembling a chestnut in appearance. The tubers can grow quite large and are rich in starch and protein.

Habitat

The marama bean is well-adapted to the arid and semi-arid regions of southern Africa, including parts of Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. It thrives in sandy soils and is drought-resistant, making it an important food source in regions with limited water availability.

Uses

The seeds of Tylosema esculentum are highly nutritious, containing high levels of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. They can be roasted and eaten whole, ground into a flour, or used to make a nut butter. The tubers are also edible and can be cooked in a variety of ways. In addition to its nutritional value, the plant has potential as a crop for arid regions due to its drought resistance and ability to grow in poor soils.

Cultivation

While Tylosema esculentum is not widely cultivated, there is growing interest in its potential as a food crop for arid regions. Research is being conducted on its agronomy, including optimal growing conditions, pest and disease management, and potential for domestication.

Nutritional Value

The seeds of Tylosema esculentum are rich in essential amino acids, unsaturated fats, and dietary fiber. They are also a good source of vitamins and minerals, including iron, magnesium, and zinc. The tubers are high in starch and provide a significant source of energy.

Cultural Significance

The marama bean has been a traditional food source for indigenous peoples in southern Africa for centuries. It is often collected from the wild and used in various traditional dishes. The plant also holds cultural significance and is sometimes used in traditional medicine.

Research and Development

There is ongoing research into the potential of Tylosema esculentum as a sustainable food source. Studies are focusing on its nutritional properties, potential health benefits, and suitability for cultivation in arid regions. Efforts are also being made to improve its yield and resistance to pests and diseases.

See Also

• Fabaceae
• Legume
• Perennial plant
• Drought-resistant crops