Unipolar neuron

Unipolar neuron is a type of neuron that has only one extension, or process, from the cell body. This single process branches in a T-shaped manner into two lines. Unipolar neurons are also known as pseudounipolar neurons due to their initial bipolar appearance during development. They are primarily found in the peripheral nervous system, where they function as sensory neurons.

Structure

The structure of a unipolar neuron is unique compared to other types of neurons. It has a single process that extends from the cell body and then splits into two branches. One branch, the peripheral process, carries sensory information from the body's periphery to the cell body. The other branch, the central process, carries this information from the cell body to the spinal cord or brain.

Function

Unipolar neurons function as sensory neurons, transmitting sensory information from the body's periphery to the central nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting a variety of sensory information, including touch, temperature, pain, and proprioceptive signals.

Development

Unipolar neurons are initially bipolar during development, with two processes extending from the cell body. However, as development progresses, these two processes fuse into a single process that later branches in a T-shaped manner. This unique developmental process gives rise to the unipolar neuron's distinctive structure.

Clinical significance

Damage to unipolar neurons can result in sensory deficits, as these neurons play a crucial role in transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system. Conditions such as peripheral neuropathy and diabetic neuropathy can affect unipolar neurons, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain in the affected areas.

See also

• Neuron
• Sensory neuron
• Peripheral nervous system
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Diabetic neuropathy