Unitary executive theory

Unitary executive theory is a theory in American constitutional law holding that the President of the United States possesses the power to control the entire executive branch. The doctrine is rooted in Article Two of the United States Constitution, which vests "the executive power" in the President.

History

The unitary executive theory emerged in the 1980s during the Ronald Reagan administration, and it has been highly controversial. Its proponents argue that the theory is a necessary and logical extension of the constitutional separation of powers, while its critics contend that it amounts to an assertion of presidential power that is not warranted by the Constitution.

Legal Basis

The legal basis for the unitary executive theory is found in the United States Constitution. Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 of the Constitution states: "The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America." This is interpreted by proponents of the theory to mean that the President has the authority to control and direct executive officers.

Controversy

The unitary executive theory has been a subject of controversy. Critics argue that it leads to an over-concentration of power in the executive branch, undermining the system of checks and balances that is fundamental to the U.S. Constitution. Proponents, on the other hand, argue that it is a necessary and logical extension of the constitutional separation of powers.

Impact on Presidential Power

The unitary executive theory has had a significant impact on the scope of presidential power. It has been used to justify a wide range of presidential actions, from the firing of executive branch officials to the assertion of executive privilege in response to congressional subpoenas.

See Also

• Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
• Executive privilege
• Imperial presidency