United States Department of Justice

Thomas Nast

Organizational chart for the Department of Justice (click to enlarge)

United States Department of Justice

The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), a key institution within the United States federal government, is primarily responsible for the enforcement of federal laws and administration of justice in the United States. Established on July 1, 1870, the DOJ oversees several federal law enforcement agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

History

The need for a federal legal department became evident shortly after the formation of the United States, leading to the creation of the Office of the Attorney General in 1789. However, it was not until the late 19th century that the Department of Justice was formally established to support the Attorney General in the discharge of their duties.

Structure

The DOJ is headed by the Attorney General, who is nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The Deputy Attorney General, along with several Assistant Attorneys General, oversees the various divisions and offices within the department.

Divisions

Key divisions within the Department of Justice include:

• Criminal Division: Handles criminal prosecutions and develops policies regarding criminal law.
• Civil Division: Represents the United States in legal challenges to federal laws, actions, and programs.
• Antitrust Division: Enforces laws aimed at maintaining competition in the marketplace.
• Civil Rights Division: Works to uphold the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans, particularly some of the most vulnerable members of our society.
• National Security Division: Coordinates the department's efforts to combat terrorism and espionage.

Offices

Notable offices within the DOJ include:

• Office of Legal Counsel: Provides legal advice to the President and all executive branch agencies.
• Office of the Inspector General: Conducts audits, investigations, and inspections to detect and deter waste, fraud, abuse, and misconduct.

Functions

The Department of Justice has a broad mandate, including:

• Prosecuting federal crimes, including those related to terrorism, organized crime, and white-collar crime.
• Defending the United States in court.
• Ensuring fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans.
• Operating the federal prison system through the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
• Providing legal advice and opinions to the President and executive branch departments.

Significant Cases

Over the years, the DOJ has been involved in numerous high-profile cases, including antitrust lawsuits against major corporations, civil rights cases, and terrorism prosecutions.

Controversies

The Department of Justice has occasionally been at the center of political and legal controversies, particularly regarding its independence and the impartial enforcement of laws.

See Also

• United States Attorney General
• Federal Bureau of Investigation
• United States Constitution