Upamāṇa
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Upamāṇa is a term used in various Indian philosophical systems, particularly in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It refers to the process of gaining knowledge through comparison or analogy. This method is one of the pramāṇas or means of knowledge recognized in these traditions.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The word "Upamāṇa" is derived from the Sanskrit root "upa" meaning "near" and "māṇa" meaning "measurement" or "comparison". Thus, it literally translates to "comparison" or "analogy".
Role in Indian Philosophy[edit | edit source]
In the context of Indian philosophy, Upamāṇa is considered a valid means of knowledge. It is often used to explain how one can understand the properties of an unknown object by comparing it with a known object. For example, if someone is told that a gavaya (a type of wild ox) is similar to a cow, they can recognize a gavaya when they see it by comparing it to their knowledge of a cow.
Hinduism[edit | edit source]
In Hindu philosophy, Upamāṇa is one of the six pramāṇas recognized by the Nyaya school. It is used to infer the characteristics of an object by comparing it with another object that is already known.
Buddhism[edit | edit source]
In Buddhist philosophy, Upamāṇa is also acknowledged as a means of knowledge, though its role and importance may vary among different Buddhist schools.
Jainism[edit | edit source]
In Jain philosophy, Upamāṇa is used as a tool for understanding and is considered one of the ways to acquire valid knowledge.
Examples[edit | edit source]
An example of Upamāṇa can be seen in the way language is learned. When a child learns the meaning of a new word by comparing it to a word they already know, they are using Upamāṇa.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
