Urachus

Urachus is a structure that is present during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs. It is a tube that connects the urinary bladder of the fetus to the allantois, a structure that contributes to the formation of the umbilical cord. The urachus usually closes before birth, but if it doesn't, it can lead to certain medical conditions.

Anatomy

The urachus is located in the space of Retzius, between the transversalis fascia anteriorly and the peritoneum posteriorly. It extends from the anterior dome of the bladder to the umbilicus. In adults, the urachus is a midline, fibrous structure that is referred to as the median umbilical ligament.

Clinical significance

If the urachus doesn't close properly, it can lead to conditions such as a urachal cyst, urachal sinus, or a patent urachus. These conditions can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, infection, or even cancer. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the urachus.

Urachal anomalies

Urachal anomalies are rare and are most often diagnosed in children and young adults. They include:

• Patent urachus: This is when the urachus remains open, or patent. This can lead to urine leaking from the umbilicus.
• Urachal cyst: This is when part of the urachus closes, leaving a portion open that forms a cyst. This can lead to infection or rupture.
• Urachal sinus: This is when the urachus closes near the bladder, but remains open at the umbilicus. This can lead to mucus or fluid discharge from the umbilicus.
• Vesicourachal diverticulum: This is when the urachus closes near the umbilicus, but remains open at the bladder. This can lead to urinary tract infections or bladder stones.

See also

• Allantois
• Urinary bladder
• Umbilical cord

References

Urachus Resources
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