Urethral gland

Urethral gland (also known as Littré's glands) are small, tubuloalveolar exocrine glands located in the urethra. They are named after the French anatomist, Alexis Littré, who first described them in the 18th century.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The urethral glands are found along the entire length of the male and female urethra, but are more numerous in the proximal part of the urethra. They are embedded in the urethral mucosa and open into the urethral lumen. The glands are lined by columnar or cuboidal epithelium and are surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the urethral glands is to secrete mucus. This mucus serves to lubricate the urethra and facilitate the passage of urine. In addition, the mucus may have a protective role by preventing the adherence of pathogens to the urethral epithelium.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Inflammation of the urethral glands, known as urethritis, can occur due to bacterial or viral infections. This can result in symptoms such as pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, and discharge from the urethra. Treatment typically involves antibiotics or antiviral medications.

In rare cases, the urethral glands can give rise to benign or malignant tumors. These include adenomas, carcinomas, and transitional cell carcinomas. Diagnosis is usually made through histological examination of biopsy samples, and treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.