Urofollitropin

Urofollitropin is a form of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) used in fertility treatments. It is a naturally occurring hormone extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women and is used to stimulate ovarian follicle development in women who do not ovulate naturally. Urofollitropin is also used in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) to induce the production of multiple eggs.

Medical Uses

Urofollitropin is primarily used in the treatment of infertility in women. Its main indications include:

• Stimulation of ovarian follicles in women who have severe deficiency of endogenous FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH)
• In combination with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists, for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Urofollitropin acts by binding to the FSH receptor on the ovarian follicles, leading to follicle growth and maturation. This process is essential for the development of a mature oocyte capable of undergoing fertilization.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic properties of urofollitropin involve its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, which are similar to those of endogenous FSH. However, detailed pharmacokinetic data may vary based on the formulation and route of administration.

Administration

Urofollitropin is administered through subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the patient's response to therapy, which is monitored through ultrasound and/or estrogen levels.

Side Effects

Common side effects of urofollitropin include:

• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by enlarged ovaries and fluid accumulation in the abdomen and chest
• Mild abdominal pain
• Headache
• Injection site reactions

Severe side effects are rare but may include severe OHSS, thromboembolism, and ovarian torsion.

Contraindications

Urofollitropin is contraindicated in patients with:

• Primary ovarian failure
• Uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction
• Tumors of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
• Ovarian cysts or enlargement not due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Gynecological hemorrhages of unknown origin
• Uterine fibroids incompatible with pregnancy

Interactions

Urofollitropin may interact with other drugs used in fertility treatments, such as GnRH agonists or antagonists, affecting its efficacy or side effects. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking.

See Also

• Follicle-stimulating hormone
• In vitro fertilization
• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome