Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease

Surgical positions refer to the different positions in which a patient may be placed during a surgical procedure. These positions are carefully chosen to provide the surgeon with the best possible access to the area being operated on, while also ensuring the patient's safety and comfort.

Types of Surgical Positions

There are several common surgical positions, each with its own advantages and considerations.

Supine Position

The supine position is the most common surgical position. In this position, the patient lies flat on their back with their arms at their sides. This position provides good access to the chest, abdomen, and head.

Prone Position

In the prone position, the patient lies on their stomach. This position is often used for surgeries on the back or spine.

Lateral Position

The lateral position involves the patient lying on their side. This position is often used for surgeries on the hip, kidney, or lung.

Lithotomy Position

In the lithotomy position, the patient lies on their back with their legs elevated and spread apart. This position is commonly used for gynecological, urological, and rectal surgeries.

Considerations for Surgical Positions

Choosing the right surgical position is crucial for the success of the surgery. Factors that are considered when choosing a surgical position include the type of surgery, the patient's physical condition, and the surgeon's preference.

Risks and Complications

While surgical positions are designed to maximize safety and efficiency, they can sometimes lead to complications. These can include nerve damage, blood clots, and pressure sores. It is important for the surgical team to monitor the patient closely and make adjustments as necessary to minimize these risks.

See Also

• Surgery
• Operating room
• Anesthesia

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Brief summary - Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease

Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD), or simply enhanced respiratory disease (ERD), refers to an adverse event where an exacerbated course of respiratory disease occurs with higher incidence in the vaccinated population in comparison with the control group. It is one of the barriers against vaccine development and can lead to its failure. Immunologically, VAERD is characterized with an exaggerated Th2 response and eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrations. It is thought to arise as a result of antibody-mediated complement activation followed by weak neutralization.

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