Vacuum pump
Vacuum Pump[edit | edit source]
A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke.
History[edit | edit source]
The development of vacuum pumps began with the invention of the barometer by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643. Otto von Guericke's pump was the first to create a vacuum, and it was followed by the Boyle and Hooke pump in 1656. The industrial revolution saw the development of more advanced vacuum pumps, which were used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications.
Types of Vacuum Pumps[edit | edit source]
Positive Displacement Pumps[edit | edit source]
Positive displacement pumps work by expanding a cavity, allowing gases to flow in from the chamber, sealing off the cavity, and then exhausting it to the atmosphere. Examples include:
- Roots blower: A type of positive displacement pump that uses two lobed rotors to move gas.
- Scroll pump: Utilizes two interleaved spiral scrolls to pump gases.
Momentum Transfer Pumps[edit | edit source]
Momentum transfer pumps, also known as molecular pumps, use high-speed blades or jets to impart momentum to gas molecules, moving them from the vacuum side to the exhaust side. Examples include:
- Turbomolecular pump: Uses rapidly spinning rotors to direct gas molecules towards the exhaust.
Entrapment Pumps[edit | edit source]
Entrapment pumps capture gases in a solid or adsorbed state. These include:
- Cryopump: Traps gases by freezing them onto a cold surface.
- Sorption pump: Uses materials that adsorb gases.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Vacuum pumps are used in a variety of applications, including:
- Medical: In surgery and dentistry for suction.
- Industrial: In manufacturing processes such as vacuum forming and vacuum coating.
- Scientific research: In particle accelerators and electron microscopy.
Notable Figures[edit | edit source]
- Natalia Molchanova: A renowned freediver who utilized vacuum techniques in her training.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
Vacuum_pump[edit | edit source]
Roots blower with 2 lobes
Vacuum pump
High vacuum apparatus by Tesla
Two moving spirals in a scroll pump
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