Vertisols

Vertisols are a type of soil that is characterized by a high content of expansive clay known as smectite. This clay has the ability to shrink and swell, causing the soil to undergo significant volume changes with changes in water content. This leads to the formation of deep cracks in the soil during dry periods, and the soil's surface layer to invert during wet periods.

Vertisols are found in many parts of the world, including Australia, India, and the United States. They are typically found in regions with a distinct wet and dry season, and are often used for agricultural purposes due to their high fertility. However, their tendency to crack and invert can make them difficult to manage.

Formation

Vertisols are formed through a process known as pedogenesis. This involves the weathering of parent material, the accumulation of organic matter, and the activity of organisms. The parent material for Vertisols is typically rich in smectite clay, which is formed from the weathering of volcanic ash or basalt.

Characteristics

Vertisols are dark in color and have a high content of organic matter. They are typically deep and well-drained, with a high capacity for water retention. The soil's texture is typically clayey, and it has a high cation exchange capacity, making it highly fertile.

Use and management

Due to their high fertility, Vertisols are often used for agricultural purposes. However, their tendency to crack and invert can make them difficult to manage. This can lead to issues with water infiltration and erosion, and can also cause damage to infrastructure.

See also

• Soil classification
• Soil science
• Pedology (soil study)

References

Vertisols Resources
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