Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula C₃H₃N. It is a colorless volatile liquid, although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. Acrylonitrile is an important monomer used in the production of polyacrylonitrile and various copolymers such as styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Production

Acrylonitrile is produced industrially by the process of ammoxidation, also known as the Sohio process. In this process, propylene, ammonia, and oxygen are reacted in the presence of a catalyst to produce acrylonitrile, water, and nitrogen: <math>2CH_2=CH-CH_3 + 2NH_3 + 3O_2 → 2CH_2=CH-CN + 6H_2O + N_2</math>

Applications

Acrylonitrile is primarily used in the manufacture of polyacrylonitrile, which is a precursor for carbon fiber. It is also used in the production of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a common thermoplastic polymer. Other applications include the production of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) resins, nitrile rubber, and acrylamide.

Health and Safety

Acrylonitrile is classified as a carcinogen and poses several health risks. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Symptoms of acute exposure include headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Long-term exposure can lead to more severe health issues, including cancer. Proper safety measures, such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adequate ventilation, are essential when handling acrylonitrile.

Environmental Impact

Acrylonitrile can have significant environmental impacts if released into the environment. It is toxic to aquatic life and can contribute to air and water pollution. Regulations and guidelines are in place to control the release of acrylonitrile and to ensure safe handling and disposal.

Related Pages

• Polyacrylonitrile
• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• Styrene-acrylonitrile
• Nitrile rubber
• Acrylamide
• Carcinogen
• Personal protective equipment