Viola tricolor

Viola tricolor, also known as Heartsease, Johnny Jump Up, and Wild Pansy, is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. It has been introduced into North America, where it has spread widely, and is known as the Field Pansy.

Description

The Viola tricolor is a small plant of creeping and ramping habit, reaching at most 15 cm in height, with flowers about 1.5 cm in diameter. It grows in short grassland on farms and wasteland, chiefly on acid or neutral soils. It is usually found in partial shade. It flowers from April to September. The flowers can be purple, blue, yellow or white. They are hermaphrodite and self-fertile, pollinated by bees.

Cultivation and uses

The Viola tricolor is a common plant in traditional herbalism, and is used as a herbal remedy for skin problems. The flowers have also been used to make yellow, green and blue-green dyes. In the past, it was used in the treatment of epilepsy and asthma, and to alleviate symptoms of skin diseases.

Cultural significance

The Viola tricolor has a rich history in folklore and has been associated with many myths and legends. In the language of flowers, it is often associated with thoughts of love and fond memories. It is also the state flower of Illinois.

See also

• Viola
• Pansy
• Herbalism
• Language of flowers