Visceral peritoneum

Visceral peritoneum is a thin layer of tissue that covers the organs within the abdominal cavity. It is one of the two layers that make up the peritoneum, the other being the parietal peritoneum. The visceral peritoneum is continuous with the parietal peritoneum, and the space between them is known as the peritoneal cavity, which is filled with a small amount of peritoneal fluid.

Structure

The visceral peritoneum covers the external surfaces of the intestines and other abdominal organs, including the stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas. It is composed of a single layer of mesothelial cells supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. The mesothelial cells produce the peritoneal fluid that lubricates the surfaces of the peritoneum and allows the organs to move smoothly against each other.

Function

The primary function of the visceral peritoneum is to provide a smooth, slippery surface that allows the abdominal organs to move freely within the abdominal cavity. This is important for processes such as digestion, where the intestines need to move to mix and propel food. The peritoneal fluid also helps to prevent infection by transporting white blood cells and antibodies to areas of inflammation or infection.

Clinical significance

Diseases of the visceral peritoneum include peritonitis, which is inflammation of the peritoneum, and ascites, which is accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection, trauma, or disease of the abdominal organs. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, surgery, or other interventions.

See also

• Parietal peritoneum
• Peritoneal cavity
• Peritoneal fluid
• Peritonitis
• Ascites