Volterra Psychiatric Hospital

Volterra Psychiatric Hospital

The Volterra Psychiatric Hospital (Ospedale Psichiatrico di Volterra) is a former psychiatric hospital located in Volterra, Italy. Established in the late 19th century, the hospital was once one of the largest psychiatric institutions in Italy, known for its innovative approaches to mental health treatment. However, it was also infamous for its controversial practices and the harsh conditions endured by its patients.

History

The Volterra Psychiatric Hospital was founded in 1888, during a period of significant reform in Italian mental health care. The hospital was designed to accommodate up to 6,000 patients, making it one of the largest psychiatric institutions in Italy at the time. The hospital was self-sufficient, with its own bakery, butcher's shop, and vegetable gardens.

Treatment Methods

The hospital was known for its innovative treatment methods, which included occupational therapy and art therapy. However, it also employed controversial practices such as electroconvulsive therapy and lobotomy, which have since been widely criticized.

Closure and Aftermath

The hospital was closed in 1978 following the passage of Law 180, also known as the "Basaglia Law", which mandated the closure of all psychiatric hospitals in Italy. Today, the hospital buildings remain largely abandoned, although some parts have been converted into a museum and cultural center.

In Popular Culture

The Volterra Psychiatric Hospital has been featured in several films and television series, including the 2009 film "Volterra: The City of Madness" and the 2016 television series "The Medici: Masters of Florence".

See Also

• History of psychiatry
• Mental health in Italy
• Basaglia Law