Vulvodynia

Vulvodynia
Specialty	Gynecology
Symptoms	Pain in the vulvar area, burning, irritation
Types	Generalized, localized
Causes	Unknown
Risk factors	Sexual abuse, nerve injury, genetic factors, hormone changes
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, ruling out other causes
Differential diagnosis	Yeast infection, Lichen sclerosus, Lichen planus
Treatment	Pain management, physical therapy, counseling
Medication	Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics

Vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome that affects the vulvar area and occurs without an identifiable cause. The condition is characterized by pain, burning, and discomfort in the vulva, which can significantly impact the quality of life of those affected.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of vulvodynia is vulvar pain, described as burning, stinging, or rawness. The pain may be constant or intermittent and can vary in intensity. It is often triggered by touch or pressure, making activities such as sitting, walking, or sexual intercourse painful.

Diagnosis of vulvodynia is primarily based on the patient's symptoms and the exclusion of other possible causes of vulvar pain. A thorough examination by a healthcare provider specializing in gynecology is necessary. Tests may be conducted to rule out infections or skin disorders.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of vulvodynia is not well understood, but it is believed to involve several factors including nerve injury, genetic predisposition, hormonal changes, and inflammatory responses. Some studies suggest a link between vulvodynia and factors such as prior sexual abuse, chronic stress, and hypersensitivity to yeast infections.

Treatment

Treatment for vulvodynia is focused on symptom management and may include a combination of medication, physical therapy, and counseling. Medications used may include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and local anesthetics. Physical therapy may help reduce muscle spasms and alleviate pain. Counseling can assist with coping strategies and emotional support.

Epidemiology

Vulvodynia affects women of all ages but is most commonly reported among women in their reproductive years. The prevalence of the condition is not well documented due to the variability in reporting and diagnosis.

See Also

• Chronic pain
• Women's health