Water quality

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. Water quality standards for most uses vary due to natural variations in water chemistry and the intended use of the water.

Chemical Characteristics

The chemical characteristics of water quality include the concentration of dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and pollutants such as heavy metals and pesticides. These characteristics can be influenced by natural processes such as weathering of rocks and human activities such as agriculture and industry.

Physical Characteristics

Physical characteristics of water quality include temperature, turbidity, and color. These characteristics can be influenced by natural processes such as sunlight and wind, and human activities such as urban development and agriculture.

Biological Characteristics

Biological characteristics of water quality include the presence and abundance of certain types of microorganisms, algae, fish, and other aquatic life. These characteristics can be influenced by the chemical and physical characteristics of the water, as well as by human activities such as pollution and habitat destruction.

Water Quality Standards

Water quality standards are set by regulatory agencies to protect public health and the environment. These standards specify the maximum allowable concentrations of various pollutants in water used for different purposes, such as drinking, swimming, and irrigation.

Water Quality Monitoring

Water quality monitoring is the process of regularly measuring the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water to assess its quality. This can be done by collecting water samples and analyzing them in a laboratory, or by using sensors that continuously measure certain characteristics of the water.

Water Quality Management

Water quality management involves taking actions to maintain or improve the quality of water. This can involve reducing pollution, protecting and restoring habitats, and managing water use to ensure that it is sustainable.

See Also

• Water pollution
• Water treatment
• Waterborne diseases