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Ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities (ventricles) in the brain, where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced. The ventricular system is composed of 2 lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, the cerebral aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle. The choroid plexuses located in the ventricles produce the CSF.

Structure

The ventricular system is composed of structures that are responsible for the production, transport, and removal of cerebrospinal fluid. The system includes:

• Lateral ventricles: These are the two largest ventricles and they are located in the cerebral hemispheres. They produce and contain cerebrospinal fluid.
• Third ventricle: This is a narrow, funnel-shaped ventricle located in the midline of the brain. It connects the lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricle.
• Cerebral aqueduct: Also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius, it connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.
• Fourth ventricle: This is the final ventricle in the system, located at the base of the cerebellum. It connects to the central canal of the spinal cord.

Function

The main function of the ventricular system is to produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid serves several important functions:

• Protection: The CSF protects the brain from damage by cushioning it from impact and providing a fluid buffer.
• Buoyancy: The CSF provides buoyancy to the brain, reducing its effective weight and preventing pressure on the base of the brain.
• Chemical stability: The CSF helps to maintain the chemical environment of the nervous system.
• Clearance of waste: The CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the ventricular system can lead to conditions such as hydrocephalus, where there is an excessive accumulation of CSF in the brain. This can cause increased intracranial pressure and can lead to symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, can be life-threatening.

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