Whole bowel irrigation

Whole Bowel Irrigation (WBI) is a medical procedure used to cleanse the entire gastrointestinal tract for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It involves the administration of large volumes of a non-absorbable solution, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), to flush out the contents of the bowel.

Indications

Whole bowel irrigation is primarily indicated in the management of certain cases of drug overdose and poisoning, particularly for substances not absorbed by activated charcoal. It is also used in preparation for colonoscopy, bowel surgery, and in certain cases of severe constipation or fecal impaction.

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed in a hospital setting under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The patient is given a solution of polyethylene glycol, which is a non-absorbable, osmotically balanced electrolyte solution. This solution is administered orally or via a nasogastric tube until the rectal effluent is clear of fecal matter. The rate of administration and total volume of solution required can vary depending on the individual patient's condition and the specific indication for the procedure.

Risks and Complications

While whole bowel irrigation is generally considered safe, it can be associated with certain risks and complications. These can include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. In rare cases, serious complications such as electrolyte imbalances, aspiration pneumonia, and bowel perforation can occur.

Contraindications

Whole bowel irrigation is contraindicated in patients with bowel obstruction, perforation, or ileus, as well as in those with hemodynamic instability or compromised airway protection.

See Also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Polyethylene glycol
• Activated charcoal
• Colonoscopy
• Bowel obstruction