Wryneck

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Wryneck, Village, Behlolpur, district Mohali, Punjab, India

Wryneck by Pepe Reigada

Jynx torquilla distr

Red-throated Wryneck, Jynx ruficollis at Rietvlei Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (14564203969)

Jynx ruficollis map

Wryneck, also known as torticollis, is a condition characterized by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position, which may be due to a variety of causes. This condition can lead to discomfort and limitation in neck movements. Wryneck can be classified into two main types: congenital and acquired.

Causes and Types

Congenital Torticollis

Congenital torticollis is present at birth and is most commonly caused by the malpositioning of the neck in the womb or due to a birth injury. This can result in the shortening or excessive contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, leading to a tilted and rotated head position. In some cases, congenital torticollis may be associated with other conditions such as developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Acquired Torticollis

Acquired torticollis can occur at any age and may be the result of several factors including:

• Infections that involve the head, neck, or upper airways
• Trauma or injury to the head and neck area
• Adverse reactions to medications
• Conditions that affect the spine, such as spondylosis or herniated discs
• Neurological conditions, such as dystonia

Symptoms

Symptoms of wryneck can vary depending on the underlying cause but commonly include:

• A visibly tilted and/or rotated head
• Stiffness and pain in the neck
• Limited range of motion in the neck
• Headache
• Swelling or a mass in the neck (in congenital cases)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of wryneck involves a physical examination and medical history. In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be required to determine the underlying cause and to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for wryneck depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:

• Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the neck muscles
• Wearing a neck brace or collar to support the neck
• Pain relief medications
• Injections of botulinum toxin for cases caused by muscle spasms
• Surgery, in severe cases or when conservative treatments have failed

Prevention

Prevention of acquired torticollis involves minimizing risk factors such as avoiding neck trauma and treating infections promptly. For congenital torticollis, prenatal care and proper birth techniques may reduce the risk, though not all cases can be prevented.

See Also

• Musculoskeletal system
• Neck pain
• Physical therapy