Xenopus

Xenopus is a genus of highly aquatic frogs native to sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty species are currently recognized. Xenopus species are used as model organisms in developmental biology, cell biology, toxicology, and neuroscience.

Taxonomy

The genus Xenopus belongs to the family Pipidae and was originally included in the genus Dactylethra. The species of Xenopus are divided into two subgenera. The subgenus Xenopus includes Xenopus laevis and Xenopus muelleri, and the subgenus Silurana includes Xenopus tropicalis.

Description

Xenopus species are aquatic frogs. They have a flattened body and a wide, flat head. The skin is smooth, but with a lateral line sensory organ that is more developed in aquatic species. They have large, webbed hind feet and smaller, unwebbed front feet. The fingers have no claws or discs, and the toes have a small, hard tip.

Distribution and habitat

Xenopus species are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from arid regions to rainforests. They are highly aquatic and are found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and swamps.

Behavior and ecology

Xenopus species are active at night. They feed on a variety of invertebrates, including insects, worms, and crustaceans. They are also known to eat small fish and amphibians. They have a unique method of feeding in which they use their forelimbs to push food into their mouths.

Use in research

Xenopus has long been an important model organism in cell and developmental biology. It is particularly useful for studies of vertebrate embryogenesis and organ development. Xenopus eggs are large and easy to manipulate, and develop rapidly outside the mother's body. This makes them ideal for experimental manipulation and observation.

Conservation

Several Xenopus species are threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and disease. The IUCN Red List includes several Xenopus species in its categories of vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered species.

See also

• Xenopus laevis
• Xenopus tropicalis
• Pipidae

Xenopus Resources
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