Yersiniaceae
Family of bacteria
The Yersiniaceae is a family of Gram-negative bacteria within the order Enterobacterales. This family includes several genera, with Yersinia being the most notable due to its medical significance. Members of this family are known for their role in various infectious diseases affecting humans and animals.
Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Yersiniaceae are characterized by their rod-shaped morphology and facultative anaerobic metabolism. They are typically motile, possessing peritrichous flagella, although some species may be non-motile. These bacteria are oxidase-negative and catalase-positive, which are important diagnostic features.
Genera[edit | edit source]
The family Yersiniaceae includes several genera, among which the most prominent are:
- Yersinia: This genus includes species such as Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague.
- Serratia: Known for species like Serratia marcescens, which can cause nosocomial infections.
- Ewingella: A less common genus, occasionally associated with human infections.
Pathogenicity[edit | edit source]
The genus Yersinia is particularly significant in medical microbiology. Yersinia pestis is infamous for causing bubonic plague, a disease that has had a profound impact on human history. Other species, such as Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, are known to cause gastroenteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis.
Ecology[edit | edit source]
Members of the Yersiniaceae family are found in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and as part of the normal flora of animals. They can be isolated from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and some species are known to be zoonotic, capable of being transmitted from animals to humans.
Laboratory Identification[edit | edit source]
In the laboratory, Yersiniaceae can be identified through a combination of biochemical tests and molecular techniques. The use of selective media, such as CIN agar for Yersinia species, aids in their isolation. Molecular methods, including PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, provide definitive identification.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
