Yogini

Yogini Goddess from Tamil Nadu

Nairatmya150

Devi with Yogini Chakra Rajasthan C19th

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17th century Hindu female Nath yogi painting

Female Ascetics (Yoginis) LACMA M.2011.156.4 (1 of 2)

Yoginis in a circular format

Yogini refers to a female practitioner of yoga, as well as a fundamental concept in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Tantrism denoting a powerful female deity or a spiritual heroine. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word yoga, which means to join or unite, symbolizing the union of the physical with the spiritual. Yoginis are revered for their spiritual prowess, mystical abilities, and the role they play in various religious practices and rituals. They are often depicted as embodiments of Shakti, the feminine principle of divine energy.

History and Origins

The concept of the yogini has evolved over centuries, with early references found in ancient texts such as the Rigveda and the Upanishads. Initially, the term was used to describe female ascetics and practitioners of yoga. Over time, it came to denote divine female entities who possess profound spiritual knowledge and powers. In medieval texts, yoginis are described as part of an esoteric tradition, with temples dedicated to them found across India, showcasing their importance in Hindu and Tantric practices.

Role in Hinduism

In Hinduism, yoginis are considered manifestations of various goddesses, such as Parvati, Kali, and Durga. They are worshipped as protectors, healers, and guides on the spiritual path. The worship of yoginis is closely associated with the Shaktism tradition, which emphasizes the worship of the Goddess, or Devi, as the ultimate reality. Yoginis are also central to certain practices in Kundalini Yoga, where they are invoked to awaken the kundalini energy within practitioners.

Role in Buddhism

In Buddhism, particularly within Vajrayana and Tibetan Buddhism, yoginis appear as Dakinis, who are often considered to be the female embodiments of enlightened energy. They play a crucial role in tantric practices, guiding practitioners towards enlightenment. Dakinis are revered for their wisdom and are seen as mediators between the mundane and the spiritual realms.

Role in Tantrism

In Tantrism, yoginis are integral to the practice of Tantra Yoga, where they are seen as vital for achieving spiritual liberation. They are often depicted in Tantric texts and iconography as part of a circle of 64 or 81 yoginis, each with their own specific powers and attributes. The rituals involving yoginis in Tantrism are complex and secretive, aimed at transcending the limitations of the material world and achieving a higher state of consciousness.

Yogini Temples

Several ancient temples dedicated to yoginis can be found across India, such as the Chausath Yogini Temple in Madhya Pradesh and the Hirapur Yogini Temple in Odisha. These temples are architectural marvels, often circular or rectangular in shape, with sculptures of yoginis adorning the walls. They serve as important cultural and spiritual sites, highlighting the significant role yoginis have played in Indian religious traditions.

Modern Interpretation

Today, the term yogini is often used to describe women who practice yoga for spiritual, physical, or mental health reasons. The modern yogini embodies the principles of balance, strength, and harmony, drawing inspiration from the ancient traditions while adapting them to contemporary life.