Zein

Zein is a class of proteins found in maize (also known as corn). It is one of the most common types of plant proteins, making up about 50% of the total protein content in maize. Zein proteins are classified as prolamins, a group of plant storage proteins found in the seeds of cereal grains.

Structure and Composition

Zein proteins are characterized by their high content of glutamine, proline, and leucine amino acids. They are also rich in hydrophobic amino acids, which makes them insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents. The structure of zein proteins is largely alpha-helical, which contributes to their insolubility and resistance to degradation.

Types of Zein

There are four main types of zein proteins: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Alpha-zein is the most abundant and is composed of 19 and 22 kDa subunits. Beta-zein and gamma-zein are smaller in size, while delta-zein is the least abundant.

Uses

Zein proteins have a wide range of uses in various industries. In the food industry, they are used as a coating for candies and nuts, as well as in the production of gluten-free products. In the pharmaceutical industry, zein is used as a coating for tablets and capsules. It is also used in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics and fibers.

Health Effects

As a plant protein, zein is generally considered safe for consumption. However, it lacks certain essential amino acids, making it an incomplete protein source. Some studies have suggested that zein may have potential health benefits, such as reducing cholesterol levels and promoting weight loss, but more research is needed to confirm these effects.

See Also

• Maize
• Protein
• Prolamin
• Gluten