Zygapophyseal joint

Zygapophyseal Joint

The Zygapophyseal joint (also known as a facet joint or Z-joint) is a type of synovial joint that connects the vertebrae in the spinal column. Each vertebra in the spine has a pair of zygapophyseal joints, which are located on either side of the vertebra. These joints are responsible for facilitating movement and providing stability to the spine.

Structure

The zygapophyseal joint is composed of two articular processes: the superior articular process, which extends upwards from a lower vertebra, and the inferior articular process, which extends downwards from an upper vertebra. These processes are covered with hyaline cartilage and are enclosed within a joint capsule filled with synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction during movement.

Function

The primary function of the zygapophyseal joint is to control the movement of the spine. These joints allow for flexion, extension, and rotation of the vertebral column. They also play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the spine by preventing excessive movement that could lead to injury.

Clinical Significance

Due to their role in facilitating movement, zygapophyseal joints are susceptible to various conditions and disorders. Osteoarthritis of the zygapophyseal joint, also known as facet joint arthritis, is a common condition that results in pain and stiffness in the spine. Other conditions that can affect the zygapophyseal joints include facet joint syndrome and spondylolisthesis.

See Also

• Vertebral column
• Synovial joint
• Osteoarthritis
• Facet joint syndrome
• Spondylolisthesis