16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2

Overview

16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It is characterized by the addition of two methyl groups at the 16th carbon position, which enhances its biological stability and activity. Prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals. They are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important roles in the inflammation process, regulation of the immune system, and modulation of the cardiovascular system.

Chemical Structure and Properties

The chemical structure of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 is similar to that of Prostaglandin E2, with the key difference being the presence of two methyl groups at the 16th carbon. This modification increases the compound's resistance to metabolic degradation, thereby prolonging its half-life and enhancing its potency.

Chemical Formula

The chemical formula of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 is C22H38O5.

Molecular Weight

The molecular weight of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 is approximately 382.54 g/mol.

Biological Activity

16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 is known for its potent biological activities, which include:

• Gastroprotective Effects: It has been shown to protect the gastric mucosa from damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other ulcerogenic agents.
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion: dmPGE2 has been used to enhance the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow transplantation.
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: Similar to other prostaglandins, it plays a role in modulating inflammation and immune responses.

Clinical Applications

16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 has been investigated for various clinical applications due to its potent biological effects:

• Gastrointestinal Protection: It is used in research settings to study its protective effects on the gastrointestinal tract.
• Stem Cell Therapy: dmPGE2 is used to improve the efficiency of stem cell therapies, particularly in enhancing the engraftment of transplanted cells.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 involves binding to prostaglandin receptors, particularly the EP receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors. This binding leads to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that mediate its various biological effects.

Safety and Side Effects

While 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 is generally well-tolerated in research settings, potential side effects may include:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Hypotension

Also see

• Prostaglandin E2
• Prostaglandin receptor
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

External Links

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