Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide

Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide is a type of hydroperoxide that is derived from arachidonic acid. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, which are lipid mediators involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions.

Biosynthesis

Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide is produced from arachidonic acid by the action of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the insertion of molecular oxygen into the arachidonic acid molecule. This reaction is the first step in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes.

Role in inflammation

Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide is converted into 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and leukotriene A4 (LTA4) by the action of 5-lipoxygenase. These products are further metabolized to produce various leukotrienes, which are potent mediators of inflammation. They cause contraction of smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability, and attract white blood cells to sites of tissue damage.

Role in allergic reactions

Leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide are also involved in allergic reactions. They are released from mast cells and basophils in response to allergens and cause symptoms such as bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and inflammation.

Therapeutic implications

Because of its role in inflammation and allergic reactions, arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Drugs that inhibit 5-lipoxygenase, such as zileuton, can reduce the production of arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide and its downstream products, thereby alleviating symptoms of asthma and other inflammatory conditions.