2-chloroethanol

2-chloroethanol

2-Chloroethanol is a chemical compound with the formula C₂H₄Cl₂O. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is a building block for the synthesis of other chemicals, most notably ethylene oxide, which is a precursor for many materials and chemical syntheses. 2-Chloroethanol is also known by other names such as ethylene chlorohydrin and glycol chlorohydrin.

Production

2-Chloroethanol is primarily produced by the chlorination of ethylene in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a catalyst. This process is closely related to the production of ethylene oxide, with 2-chloroethanol being an intermediate in the process. Another method of production involves the hydrolysis of ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) with water, under high temperature and pressure.

Uses

The primary use of 2-chloroethanol is in the production of ethylene oxide, which is a key raw material in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, antifreeze solutions, and various solvents. It is also used as a solvent itself in some applications, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Safety and Environmental Impact

2-Chloroethanol is toxic and poses significant health risks if inhaled, ingested, or comes into contact with skin. It can cause severe respiratory and skin irritation, and prolonged exposure can lead to serious health issues, including damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Due to its hazardous nature, handling of 2-chloroethanol requires strict safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

In the environment, 2-chloroethanol can contribute to water pollution and has the potential to harm aquatic life. It is considered a hazardous substance and is subject to regulations regarding its use, storage, and disposal to minimize its environmental impact.

See Also

• Ethylene oxide
• Chlorination
• Ethylene dichloride
• Polyethylene terephthalate