2022–2023 mpox outbreak in India

Overview of the mpox outbreak in India during 2022–2023

The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in India was part of the global 2022–2023 mpox outbreak. The outbreak in India began in July 2022 and involved multiple states across the country. This article provides an overview of the outbreak, its impact, and the response measures taken by health authorities.

Background

Map showing the spread of mpox in India

Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease is characterized by symptoms similar to those of smallpox, though it is clinically less severe. The virus is endemic to certain regions of Central and West Africa.

The 2022–2023 global outbreak marked the first time mpox spread widely outside of Africa, affecting numerous countries, including India.

Outbreak in India

The first confirmed case of mpox in India was reported in July 2022 in the state of Kerala. The patient had a travel history to the Middle East, where cases had been reported. Following this, additional cases were identified in other states, including Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.

Transmission

The primary mode of transmission of the mpox virus is through close contact with infected individuals or contaminated materials. Human-to-human transmission occurs via respiratory droplets, direct contact with body fluids, or lesions of infected persons. The outbreak in India was primarily driven by human-to-human transmission.

Symptoms

Stages of monkeypox lesion development

Symptoms of mpox include fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash that progresses through several stages before crusting and falling off. The rash often begins on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body.

Response Measures

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India implemented several measures to control the outbreak. These included:

• Surveillance and Contact Tracing: Enhanced surveillance and contact tracing were conducted to identify and isolate cases promptly.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Information campaigns were launched to educate the public about the symptoms and transmission of mpox.
• Vaccination: Although there is no specific vaccine for mpox, the smallpox vaccine has been shown to provide some protection. Health authorities considered vaccination strategies for high-risk groups.

Impact

The mpox outbreak in India led to increased public health vigilance and highlighted the need for robust infectious disease preparedness. The outbreak was contained through coordinated efforts by state and national health agencies.

Related pages

• Monkeypox
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)