2022–2023 mpox outbreak in North America

2022–2023 mpox outbreak in North America
Disease	Mpox
Location	North America
First reported	2022

The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in North America refers to the spread of the mpox virus across various countries in the North American continent, beginning in 2022. This outbreak is part of a larger global resurgence of mpox cases that have been reported in multiple regions worldwide.

Background

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease is characterized by symptoms similar to those of smallpox, though generally less severe. Mpox is endemic to certain regions in Central Africa and West Africa, but recent outbreaks have been reported in non-endemic countries, raising concerns about its spread.

Epidemiology

The outbreak in North America began in early 2022, with initial cases reported in the United States and Canada. The virus was primarily transmitted through close contact with infected individuals, including skin-to-skin contact and exposure to respiratory droplets. The outbreak was notable for its spread among communities that had not previously been exposed to the virus.

United States

In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the first cases in May 2022. The outbreak spread rapidly across multiple states, prompting public health responses including vaccination campaigns and public awareness initiatives.

Canada

Canada also reported its first cases in May 2022. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) coordinated the national response, which included contact tracing and vaccination efforts.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of mpox during the outbreak included fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash that often began on the face before spreading to other parts of the body. The rash progressed through several stages, including macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs.

Public Health Response

The public health response to the outbreak involved several key strategies:

• Surveillance and Reporting: Enhanced surveillance systems were implemented to track the spread of the virus and identify new cases.
• Vaccination: Vaccines such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 were deployed to at-risk populations to prevent further transmission.
• Public Education: Campaigns were launched to educate the public about the symptoms of mpox and preventive measures.

Impact

The outbreak had significant impacts on public health systems, requiring the allocation of resources to manage the spread of the virus. It also highlighted the need for global cooperation in addressing emerging infectious diseases.

Also see

• Mpox
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
• Orthopoxvirus
• Vaccination