2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Portugal

2022–2023 Mpox Outbreak in Portugal

The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Portugal was part of a global outbreak of mpox, a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus. The outbreak in Portugal was notable for its rapid spread and the public health response it necessitated.

Stages of monkeypox lesion development

Background

Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease is characterized by symptoms similar to those of smallpox, though generally less severe. The virus is endemic to certain regions of Central Africa and West Africa, but outbreaks have occurred in other parts of the world due to international travel and trade.

Initial Cases

The first cases of the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Portugal were reported in May 2022. The initial cases were identified in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions. These early cases were primarily among young men who had not traveled to endemic regions, suggesting local transmission.

Spread of the Outbreak

The outbreak quickly spread to other regions of Portugal, with cases reported in Porto, Algarve, and other areas. The spread was facilitated by close contact, particularly in social and healthcare settings. The Portuguese health authorities implemented measures to track and contain the outbreak, including contact tracing and public health advisories.

Public Health Response

The Directorate-General of Health (DGS) in Portugal coordinated the response to the outbreak. Measures included:

• Surveillance and Reporting: Enhanced surveillance systems were put in place to monitor the spread of the virus and report new cases.
• Vaccination Campaigns: Vaccination efforts were initiated, targeting high-risk groups and healthcare workers.
• Public Awareness: Information campaigns were launched to educate the public about the symptoms of mpox and preventive measures.

Clinical Features

Patients with mpox typically present with fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash. The rash progresses through several stages, from macules to papules, vesicles, pustules, and finally scabs. The image on the right illustrates the stages of monkeypox lesion development.

Outcome and Conclusion

By early 2023, the outbreak in Portugal had been largely contained, with a significant decrease in new cases. The successful containment was attributed to the swift public health response and cooperation from the public. The outbreak highlighted the importance of global surveillance and rapid response to emerging infectious diseases.

Related Pages

• Mpox
• Monkeypox virus
• 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
• Public health in Portugal