4-Methyl-alphapyrrolidinopropiophenone

4-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP), also known as 4-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s that has been reported as a novel psychoactive substance in the 21st century. It is closely related to other synthetic cathinones, sharing a core structure that includes a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain and substituted by a ketone group (C=O) on the beta carbon. The alpha carbon of the ethyl chain of 4-MePPP is further substituted with a pyrrolidine ring. The presence of the methyl group on the alpha carbon of the pyrrolidine ring distinguishes it from its analogs and may affect its pharmacological profile.

Chemistry

4-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone belongs to the class of cathinones, which are structurally similar to amphetamines and phenethylamines. The molecular formula of 4-MePPP is C_14H_19NO, indicating fourteen carbon atoms, nineteen hydrogen atoms, one nitrogen atom, and one oxygen atom in its structure. The addition of the methyl group on the pyrrolidine ring makes it a derivative of alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP), and it is part of a broader group of compounds known as substituted cathinones.

Pharmacology

The pharmacological action of 4-MePPP is primarily as a central nervous system stimulant, although the exact mechanism of action is not well understood. It is believed to work by increasing the release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, similar to other stimulants like amphetamine. However, the presence of the methyl group may influence its affinity for various neurotransmitter transporters and receptors, potentially altering its potency, efficacy, and side effects compared to its parent compound and other related cathinones.

Effects

Users of 4-MePPP may experience a range of effects typical of stimulants, including increased alertness, euphoria, increased energy, and sociability. However, adverse effects can include anxiety, paranoia, heart palpitations, and in severe cases, psychotic episodes. The risk of addiction and other harmful effects makes its non-medical use highly concerning.

Legal Status

The legal status of 4-MePPP varies by country, with many jurisdictions having laws that control its manufacture, distribution, and possession due to its potential for abuse and harm. It may be classified under broader synthetic drug bans or specifically listed as a controlled substance in some places.

See Also

• Cathinone
• Substituted cathinones
• Stimulant
• Psychoactive substance