7α-Hydroxy-DHEA

7α-Hydroxy-DHEA is a metabolite of DHEA that is formed in the adrenal glands and brain. It is a neurosteroid, which are steroids synthesized in the brain and modulate neurotransmission.

Structure and Synthesis

7α-Hydroxy-DHEA is synthesized from DHEA through the action of the enzyme Cytochrome P450. This enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of DHEA at the 7α position, resulting in the formation of 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA. The structure of 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA is similar to that of DHEA, with the addition of a hydroxyl group at the 7α position.

Function

7α-Hydroxy-DHEA is a potent neuroprotective agent. It has been shown to protect neurons from apoptosis (cell death) induced by glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress. This neuroprotective effect is thought to be mediated by the sigma-1 receptor, a protein that is involved in the regulation of ion channels and neurotransmitter release.

7α-Hydroxy-DHEA also has anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by macrophages, which are cells of the immune system that play a key role in inflammation.

Clinical Significance

Due to its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA has potential therapeutic applications in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action of 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in clinical trials.

See Also

• Dehydroepiandrosterone
• Neurosteroid
• Neuroprotection
• Neurodegenerative disease