ADP/ATP translocase 2

ADP/ATP translocase 2 (also known as ANT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A5 gene. This protein is a member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily of solute carrier family 25.

Function[edit | edit source]

ADP/ATP translocase 2 is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the exchange of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. This exchange process is a critical step in mitochondrial respiration and cellular metabolism, as it allows ATP produced in the mitochondrial matrix to be transported into the cytosol where it can be used for energy-requiring processes, while simultaneously importing ADP into the matrix to be re-phosphorylated.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The ANT2 protein is composed of six transmembrane domains, with the N- and C-termini located in the cytoplasm. The transmembrane domains form a cavity in the center of the protein that allows for the passage of ADP and ATP.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Mutations in the SLC25A5 gene have been associated with Amelogenesis imperfecta, a condition affecting the formation of enamel on teeth. Additionally, altered expression of ANT2 has been observed in several types of cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumor growth and survival.