ALAT

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT), also known as ALT or SGPT (Serum Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase), is an enzyme that is primarily found in the liver. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids, specifically in the conversion of alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to pyruvate and glutamate. This process is vital for the production of energy in cells and the metabolism of nitrogen. ALT is used as a biomarker for liver health, with elevated levels indicating potential liver damage or disease.

Function

ALT is involved in the Alanine cycle, which helps the body convert glucose into energy during fasting states. It catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and α-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. This reaction is a key step in the metabolism of amino acids and the production of energy.

Clinical Significance

Elevated levels of ALT in the blood are indicative of liver damage or inflammation. It is commonly measured in blood tests as part of a liver function panel to diagnose or monitor liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. ALT levels can also be elevated in conditions affecting other organs, such as the heart and muscles, but are primarily associated with liver health.

Diagnostic Use

ALT tests are used in conjunction with other liver enzymes, such as Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), to assess liver function. The AST/ALT ratio can provide insights into the specific type of liver damage or disease present. Normal levels of ALT vary by age and sex, but significantly elevated levels require further medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause.

Factors Affecting ALT Levels

Several factors can influence ALT levels, including:

• Medications that can cause liver damage
• Consumption of alcohol
• Obesity, which can lead to Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
• Viral hepatitis infections

Treatment and Management

Treatment for elevated ALT levels focuses on addressing the underlying cause of liver damage. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, medication to treat liver disease, or avoiding substances that can harm the liver.

See Also

• Liver function tests
• Hepatotoxicity
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
• Viral hepatitis

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